@article {50916, title = {Revision of the Black Fungus Gnats (Diptera: Sciaridae) of North America}, journal = {Studia dipterologica}, volume = {19 (2012)}, year = {2013}, month = {07/2013}, pages = {141-286}, abstract = {

The North American fauna of Black Fungus Gnats (Diptera: Sciaroidea: Sciaridae) currently comprises
25 genera and 166 species (including 8 species incertae sedis). 82 species are distributed only
in the Nearctic and 67 species in the Holarctic, 1 species in the Holarctic/Neotropical Regions and
8 species in North and Central America including the Caribbean islands. 223 species-group names
have been applied to taxa occurring in North America (north of Mexico). These were described or
have been reported from North America (USA and Canada) since 1827. For these names, 42 new
species-group combinations, 60 new species-group synonyms, and one new genus-group synonym
are here proposed. Two species remain unplaced but have been redescribed and figured, whereas
six species-group names cannot be interpreted (one described by CURRAN, three by FITCH, one
by KIEFFER, one by WALKER). Seven species-group names from SAY are considered to be nomina
dubia. Twelve species-group names described or reported from Greenland have been excluded
from this revision (section 10).

}, keywords = {Canada, Greenland, Nearctic region, new combinations, new records, new synonyms, revision, Sciaridae, Systematics, Taxonomy, type designations, USA}, issn = {0945-3954}, author = {Mohrig, Werner and Heller, Kai and Hippa, Heikki and Vilkamaa, Pekka and Menzel, Frank} } @article {50788, title = {Review of the genus Prosciara Frey (Diptera, Sciaridae) from China}, journal = {Zootaxa}, volume = {3640 }, year = {2013}, month = {04/2013}, pages = {301 {\textendash} 342 }, abstract = {The genus Prosciara from China is reviewed and 36 species are recognized. Among them, 16 new species, P. oligotricha sp. nov., P. gyracantha sp. nov., P. hemicrypta sp. nov., P. angusta sp. nov., P. euryacantha sp. nov., P. ellipsoidea sp. nov., P. paucispina sp. nov., P. myriacantha sp. nov., P. columellata sp. nov., P. fossulata sp. nov., P. ternidigitata sp. nov., P. globoidea sp. nov., P. longispina sp. nov., P. extumida sp. nov., P. sinensis sp. nov. and P. tetracantha sp. nov. and 16 species, P. falcicula Vilkamaa \& Hippa, P. latilingula Hippa \& Vilkamaa, P. duplicidens Vilkamaa \& Hippa, P. scopulifera Vilkamaa \& Hippa, P. megachaeta Hippa \& Vilkamaa, P. pentadactyla Hippa \& Vilkamaa, P. pollex Hippa \& Vilkamaa, P. crassidens Hippa \& Vilkamaa, P. producta (Tuomikoski), P. exsecta Vilkamaa \& Hippa, P. bisulcata Vilkamaa \& Hippa, P. furcifera Hippa \& Vilkamaa, P. latifurca Hippa \& Vilkamaa, P. prolixa Vilkamaa \& Hippa, P. triloba Hippa \& Vilkamaa and P. decamera Hippa \& Vilkamaa are reported for the first time from China. Manusciara Yang, Zhang \& Yang, 1995 is recognized as a synonym of Prosciara, therefore, P. quadridigitata (Yang, Zhang \& Yang, 1995) is a new combination. In addition, geographical distribution of 36 Chinese species are provided, as well as a key to all these Chinese species. This study raises the number of the species of Chinese Prosciara from three to 36.}, keywords = {China, Diptera, new combination, new species, Sciaridae}, doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3640.3.1}, url = {http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/2013/f/zt03640p342.pdf}, author = {KAI SHI and Huang, Junhao and LYUDMILA KOMAROVA and SUJIONG ZHANG and Wu, Hong} } @article {Shin2012, title = {Molecular phylogeny of black fungus gnats (Diptera: Sciaroidea: Sciaridae) and the evolution of larval habitats}, journal = {Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution}, volume = {66}, year = {2013}, pages = {-}, abstract = {

The phylogeny of the family Sciaridae is reconstructed, based on maximum likelihood, maximum parsimony, and Bayesian analyses of 4,809 bp from two mitochondrial (COI and 16S) and two nuclear (18S and 28S) genes for 100 taxa including the outgroup taxa. According to the present phylogenetic analyses, Sciaridae comprise three subfamilies and two genus groups: Sciarinae, Chaetosciara group, Cratyninae, and Pseudolycoriella group + Megalosphyinae. Our molecular results are largely congruent with one of the former hypotheses based on morphological data with respect to the monophyly of genera and subfamilies (Sciarinae, Megalosphyinae, and part of postulated \“new subfamily\”); however, the subfamily Cratyninae is shown to be polyphyletic, and the genera Bradysia, Corynoptera, Leptosciarella, Lycoriella, and Phytosciara are also recognized as non\–monophyletic groups. While the ancestral larval habitat state of the family Sciaridae, based on Bayesian inference, is dead plant material (plant litter + rotten wood), the common ancestors of Phytosciara and Bradysia are inferred to living plants habitat. Therefore, shifts in larval habitats from dead plant material to living plants may have occurred within the Sciaridae at least once. Based on the results, we discuss phylogenetic relationships within the family, and present an evolutionary scenario of development of larval habitats.

}, keywords = {ancestral character states, black fungus gnats, Diptera, larval habitats, molecular phylogeny, Sciaridae, Systematics}, issn = {1055-7903}, doi = {10.1016/j.ympev.2012.11.008}, url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S105579031200440X?v=s5}, author = {Seunggwan Shin and Sunghoon Jung and Menzel, Frank and Heller, Kai and Heungsik Lee and Seunghwan Lee} }