@article {56846, title = {Caught in the act: pollination of sexually deceptive trap-flowers by fungus gnats in Pterostylis (Orchidaceae)}, journal = {Annals of Botany}, volume = {113}, year = {2014}, month = {2014/03/}, pages = {629 - 641}, chapter = {629}, abstract = {

BACKGROUND AND AIMS PTEROSTYLIS: is an Australasian terrestrial orchid genus of more than 400 species, most of which use a motile, touch-sensitive labellum to trap dipteran pollinators. Despite studies dating back to 1872, the mechanism of pollinator attraction has remained elusive. This study tested whether the fungus gnat-pollinated Pterostylis sanguinea secures pollination by sexual deception.

METHODS: The literature was used to establish criteria for confirming sexual deception as a pollination strategy. Observations and video recordings allowed quantification of each step of the pollination process. Each floral visitor was sexed and DNA barcoding was used to evaluate the degree of pollinator specificity. Following observations that attraction to the flowers is by chemical cues, experimental dissection of flowers was used to determine the source of the sexual attractant and the effect of labellum orientation on sexual attraction. Fruit set was quantified for 19 populations to test for a relationship with plant density and population size.

KEY RESULTS: A single species of male gnat (Mycetophilidae) visited and pollinated the rewardless flowers. The gnats often showed probing copulatory behaviour on the labellum, leading to its triggering and the temporary entrapment of the gnat in the flower. Pollen deposition and removal occurred as the gnat escaped from the flower via the reproductive structures. The labellum was the sole source of the chemical attractant. Gnats always alighted on the labellum facing upwards, but when it was rotated 180 \° they attempted copulation less frequently. Pollination rate showed no relationship with orchid population size or plant density.

CONCLUSIONS: This study confirms for the first time that highly specific pollination by fungus gnats is achieved by sexual deception in Pterostylis. It is predicted that sexual deception will be widespread in the genus, although the diversity of floral forms suggests that other mechanisms may also operate.

}, isbn = {0305-73641095-8290}, doi = {10.1093/aob/mct295}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3936588/}, author = {Phillips, Ryan D and Scaccabarozzi, Daniela and Retter, Bryony A and Hayes, Christine and Brown, Graham R and Dixon, Kingsley W and Peakall, Rod} } @article {55239, title = {Traversing worlds - Dispersal potential and ecological classification of Speolepta leptogaster (Winnertz, 1863) (Diptera, Mycetophilidae)}, journal = {Subterranean Biology}, volume = {13}, year = {2014}, month = {Jan-02-2016}, pages = {1 - 16}, issn = {1768-1448}, doi = {10.3897/subtbiol.13.6460}, author = {D{\"o}rge, Dorian and Zaenker, Stefan and Klussmann-Kolb, Annette and Weigand, Alexander} } @article {51848, title = {Notes on Nepaletricha (Diptera: Sciaroidea incertae sedis), with description of three new species from India and Vietnam}, journal = {ACTA ENTOMOLOGICA MUSEI NATIONALIS PRAGAE}, volume = {54}, year = {2014}, month = {15.12.2014}, pages = {729{\textendash}739}, chapter = {729}, author = {Hippa, Heikki and Jan {\v S}ev{\v c}{\'\i}k} } @article {51840, title = {Catalogue of Neotropical Diptera. Mycetophilidae.}, journal = {Neotropical Diptera}, volume = {25}, year = {2014}, month = {31.Oct.2014}, pages = {1-87}, chapter = {1}, abstract = {

The catalogue of the Mycetophilidae of the Neotropical region is updated. The region now has records of 1145
species in 54 genera of the family. Syntemna laticornis Enderlein is transferred to genus Dziedzickia Johannsen, while
Aphelomera armata Freeman, A. cristata Freeman, A. inermis Freeman, and A. subcompleta Edwards are transferred to
Neoaphelomera Miller. Dziedzickia coheri Lane is proposed to be a subjective junior synonym of D. laticornis (Enderlein).
Coelosia neotropica Lane, previously placed in Coelophthinia, is reinstated in the genus Coelosia, while Mycetophila
macula Enderlein, that had been transferred to Epicypta, is reinstated in the genus Mycetophila. Specifi c status is given
to Tetragoneura minor Enderlein and to Mycomya dorsimacula Enderlein. A new name, Neoempheria kerteszi Oliveira
\& Amorim, is given to Neoempheria apicalis Kert\ész, which is preoccupied. Freemanomyia elongata (Freeman), from
Chile, is kept in the catalogue, though it is questionably a Mycetophilidae species. Information on the gender, status, and
depositing institution of the types is included for all species whenever available. Comments are added to cases in which
there is relevant new taxonomic information.

}, author = {Oliveira, Sarah Siqueira}, editor = {Dalton de Souza Amorim} } @article {51833, title = {Checklist of the fungus gnats of Finland: Bolitophilidae,~Diadocidiidae, Ditomyiidae, Keroplatidae~and~Mycetophilidae (Diptera)}, journal = {ZooKeys}, volume = {441}, year = {2014}, month = {Jul-09-2015}, pages = {119 - 149}, abstract = {

A checklist of the \’fungus gnat\’ group of families in Sciaroidea: Bolitophilidae, Diadocidiidae, Ditomyiidae, Keroplatidae and Mycetophilidae (Diptera) recorded from Finland. At present, the known Finnish fauna comprises 767 recognized species in 78 genera; 21 species of the family Bolitophilidae, 5 of the family Diadocidiidae, 2 of the family Ditomyiidae, 47 of the family Keroplatidae and 692 of the family Mycetophilidae. The unassigned genus Sciarosoma Chandler, 2002 is not included in this paper because it is listed with Sciaridae.

The most relevant synonyms, on which species were ever listed from Finland in Hackman (1980) and subsequent authors are indicated in the checklist. Eighteen species names of wrong records were removed.

}, issn = {1313-2989}, doi = {10.3897/zookeys.441.7646}, url = {http://zookeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=4045}, author = {Jakovlev, Jevgeni} } @article {51816, title = {Mycomya species from South-East Asia (Diptera, Mycetophilidae)}, journal = {Zootaxa}, volume = {3815}, year = {2014}, month = {May-06-2015}, pages = {526}, abstract = {

Mycomya Rondani specimens from the islands of South-East Asia, i.e. Malaysia, Indonesia and the Philippines, are revised. The paper includes a key to the Mycomya species of the South-East Asian islands. The following six new species are described: M. shimai sp. n. from Java, Indonesia, M. pongo sp. n. from Sabah, Malaysia, and M. apoensis sp. n., M. nakanishii sp. n., M. paraklossi sp. n. and M. yatai sp. n. from Mindanao, the Philippines. The holotypes of M. klossi Edwards from Borneo, Malaysia, and M. minutata Edwards from Sumatra, Indonesia, were examined and their genitalia are described. M. occultans (Winnertz) is recorded from Java, Indonesia.

}, issn = {1175-5326}, doi = {10.11646/zootaxa.3815.410.11646/zootaxa.3815.4.4}, url = {http://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/issue/view/zootaxa.3815.4http://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.3815.4.4}, author = {V{\"a}is{\"a}nen, Rauno} } @article {51802, title = {Taxonomy of fungus gnats allied to Neoempheria ferruginea (Brunetti, 1912) (Diptera: Mycetophilidae), with descriptions of 11 new species from Japan and adjacent areas}, journal = {Zootaxa}, volume = {3790}, year = {2014}, month = {Apr-04-2015}, pages = {139}, abstract = {

Specimens of Neoempheria previously considered to be N. ferruginea (Brunetti, 1912) are studied and revised. Eleven new species are described from Japan, Nepal, Philippines, and Thailand; N. biceltisuta sp. n., N. bifurcata sp. n., N. bisecuriata sp. n., N. brevispathulata sp. n., N. carinata sp. n., N. cuneata sp. n., N. dilatata sp. n., N. denticulata sp. n., N. forficulata sp. n., N. latisternata sp. n., and N. muticata sp. n. Neoempheria sakhalinensis Zaitzev, 2001, is recorded from Japan for the first time. Male genitalia of these 12 species are illustrated. A key to the species is provided. A lectotype of Mycomya ferruginea Brunetti, 1912 is designated (deposited in the Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata) and the species redescribed. Morphological similarities and differences among N. ferruginea and allied species are discussed. The usefulness of the male gonocoxite and associated structures, and the gonapophysis of the female 8th and 9th abdominal sternites for taxonomy are discussed.

}, issn = {1175-5326}, doi = {10.11646/zootaxa.3790.110.11646/zootaxa.3790.1.6}, url = {http://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/issue/view/zootaxa.3790.1http://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.3790.1.6}, author = {Sueyoshi, Masahiro} } @article {51761, title = {A new Neoplatyura Malloch from Finland (Diptera, Keroplatidae)}, journal = {Biodiversity Data Journal}, volume = {2: e1323}, year = {2014}, abstract = {

The genus Neoplatyura Malloch is globally represented by 50 species, of which four are European species. In this article a new European Neoplatyura from Finland is described. The new species, Neoplatyura noorae Salmela, sp. n. is a dark brown species with tibial bristles arranged in rows. The new species is here reported from seven localities in Finnish Lapland. Based on available data, the new species occurs in mires, especially in calcareous rich fens.

}, doi = {10.3897/BDJ.2.e1323}, url = {http://bdj.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=1323\&display_type=list\&element_type=9}, author = {Salmela, Jukka and Suuronen, Anna} } @article {51756, title = {The sequoia-loving sprite, a new genus and species of fungus gnat (Diptera, Mycetophilidae) from California}, journal = {ZooKeys}, volume = {437}, year = {2014}, month = {27-08-2014}, pages = {109 - 126}, abstract = {

California is one of the most biologically diverse regions of the world, yet the diversity of fungus gnats (Mycetophilidae) remains largely undocumented within the state. A modest survey of these flies has led to the discovery of a new genus and species of gnat that lives alongside one of the most iconic trees in the world, the giant sequoia (Sequoiadendron giganteum). Spritella sequoiaphila gen. et sp. n.is described and illustrated and its status among other mycetophilid genera is analyzed and discussed.

}, issn = {1313-2989}, doi = {10.3897/zookeys.437.793210.3897/zookeys.437.7932.app}, url = {http://www.pensoft.net/journals/zookeys/article/7932/abstract/the-sequoia-loving-sprite-a-new-genus-and-species-of-fungus-gnat-diptera-mycetophilidae-from-californiahttp://www.pensoft.net/journals/zookeys/article/7932/supp/25179}, author = {Kerr, Peter} } @article {51746, title = {Revision of Nearctic Phthinia Winnertz (Diptera: Mycetophilidae)}, journal = {Zootaxa}, volume = {3856}, year = {2014}, month = {Jan-08-2016}, pages = {301-325}, abstract = {

The Nearctic species of Phthinia Winnertz are revised. Eight species are recognized, of which four are newly described; P. tanypus Loew (=P. carolina Fisher n. syn., and P. catawbiensis Shaw n. syn.), P. lobata Zaitzev, P. miranda Zaitzev, P. ramificans Zaitzev, P. nepunei n. sp., P. cascadica n. sp., P. meicigama n. sp. and P. mikmaqi n. sp. A key to these species is also provided.

}, issn = {1175-5326}, doi = {10.11646/zootaxa.3856.310.11646/zootaxa.3856.3.1}, url = {http://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/issue/view/zootaxa.3856.3http://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.3856.3.1}, author = {Fitzgerald, Scott J. and Kerr, Peter} } @article {51744, title = {Recent noteworthy findings of fungus gnats from Finland and northwestern Russia (Diptera: Ditomyiidae, Keroplatidae, Bolitophilidae and Mycetophilidae)}, journal = {Biodiversity Data Journal}, volume = {2}, year = {2014}, month = {Feb-04-2014}, pages = {e1068}, issn = {1314-2836}, doi = {10.3897/BDJ.2.e1068}, url = {http://bdj.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=1068}, author = {Salmela, Jukka and Jakovlev, Jevgeni and Polevoi, Alexei and Penttinen, Jouni and Vartija, Noora-Annukka} } @article {51723, title = {Diversity of Manota Williston (Diptera, Mycetophilidae) in Ulu Temburong National Park, Brunei}, journal = {ZooKeys}, volume = {428}, year = {2014}, pages = {57{\textendash}77}, abstract = {

A total of 15 species of Manota Williston, 1896 are recorded from Brunei, based on the investigations in 2013-2014. Thirteen species are recorded from Ulu Temburong National Park and three species from the Universiti Brunei Darussalam Campus in Tungku. Six species are described as new to science: Manota belalongensis sp. n., M. kaspraki sp. n., M. macrothrix sp. n., M. megachaeta sp. n. and M. pileata sp. n. from Ulu Temburong, and M. ricina sp. n. from Tungku. New records of the following species are given: Manota bifida Hippa \& Papp, M. bruneiensis Hippa \& \Šev{\v c}\ík, M. hyboloma Hippa \& \Šev{\v c}\ík, M. oligochaeta Hippa, M. pappi Hippa, M. perangulata Hippa \& \Šev{\v c}\ík, M. pollex Hippa, M. procera Hippa and M. simplex Hippa.

}, doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.428.7912}, author = {Jan {\v S}ev{\v c}{\'\i}k and Hippa, Heikki and Rodzay Abdul Wahab} } @article {51722, title = {Molecular phylogeny of the fungus gnat family Diadocidiidae and its position within the infraorder Bibionomorpha (Diptera)}, journal = {Zoologica Srcipta}, volume = {43}, year = {2014}, pages = {370{\textendash}378}, abstract = {

The molecular phylogeny of the family Diadocidiidae (Diptera: Sciaroidea) is reconstructed based on the combined analysis of four mitochondrial (12S, 16S, COI, cytB) and two nuclear (28S, ITS2) gene markers. All the analyses strongly support Diadocidiidae as a monophyletic group. Genus Diadocidia Ruthe, 1831 includes monophyletic subgenera Diadocidia s. str. and Taidocidia Papp and Sevc{\i}k (Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, 51, 2005b, 329). The monophyly of Adidocidia Lastovka \& Matile, 1972 was not confirmed. The position of Diadocidiidae and relationships of the families within the infraorder Bibionomorpha are demonstrated in the analyses based on three gene markers (28S, 12S and 16S). The Bayesian and maximum likelihood analyses of 10 families of Bibionomorpha revealed Sciaridae as the closest relative of Diadocidiidae. Most of the currently recognised extant families of Bibionomorpha proved to be monophyletic. The family Keroplatidae revealed as paraphyletic, with the genera of Macrocerinae being more related to Cecidomyiidae, but the support is low.

}, author = {Jan {\v S}ev{\v c}{\'\i}k and David Kasp{\v r}{\'a}k and Michal Manti{\v c} and Tereza {\v S}ev{\v c}{\'\i}kov{\'a} and Andrea T{\'o}thov{\'a}} } @article {51697, title = {Two new species of Mesoplecia (Insecta: Diptera: Protopleciidae) from the late Middle Jurassic of China}, journal = {Zootaxa}, volume = {3838}, year = {2014}, month = {Jul-22-2014}, pages = {545}, abstract = {

Two new species of Mesoplecia Rohdendorf, 1938, M. plena sp. nov. and M. fastigata sp. nov., are described from the late Middle Jurassic Jiulongshan Formation of Daohugou, Inner Mongolia, China. Based on the emended generic diagnosis of Mesoplecia by Zhang in 2007, these two new species are assigned to Mesoplecia by a combination of the following five characters: (1) Head small; (2) Vein bRs not more than twice as long as dRs; (3) M1, M2 at least 5 times as long as dM1+2; (4) bM1+2 longer than dM1+2; and (5) Legs with coxae and femora thick. In addition, a key to Mesoplecia is provided.

}, keywords = {Daohugou, Fossil insect, Jiulongshan Formation, Taxonomy}, issn = {1175-5326}, doi = {10.11646/zootaxa.3838.510.11646/zootaxa.3838.5.3}, url = {http://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/issue/view/zootaxa.3838.5http://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.3838.5.3}, author = {Lin, Xiuqin and Shih, Chungkun and Dong, Ren} } @article {51696, title = {The genus Manota Williston (Diptera: Mycetophilidae) in the Congo basin with description of five new species}, journal = {Zootaxa}, volume = {3827}, year = {2014}, month = {07/2014}, pages = {230}, chapter = {214}, abstract = {

The Manota species in the Congo basin are reviewed and 17 species are recorded. The following five new species are described: M. grootaerti sp. n., M. peltata sp. n., M. peltigera sp. n., M. reclinata sp. n., and M wittei sp. n. New records of the following species are presented: M. freerki Hippa \& Kurina, 2012, M. issongo Matile, 1972, M. kibaleensis Hippa \& Kurina, 2012, M. lachaisei Matile, 1972, M. mabokeensis Matile, 1972, M. mazumbaiensis S\øli, 1993, M. petiolata Hippa \& Kurina, 2012, M. pilosa Hippa \& Kurina, 2012, M. relicina Hippa \& Kurina, 2012, M. senticosa Hippa \& Kurina, 2012 and M. teocchii Matile, 1972. Manota issongo is redescribed, including detailed illustration of the male hypopygium. The number of Afrotropical Manota species is increased to 56.

}, keywords = {Afrotropical region, Congo, Diptera, new species}, issn = {ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition)}, doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3827.2.5}, author = {Kurina, Olavi and Hippa, Heikki} } @article {51694, title = {Flies and Flowers II: Floral Attractants and Rewards}, journal = {Journal of Pollination Ecology}, volume = {12}, year = {2014}, abstract = {

This paper comprises Part II of a review of flower visitation and pollination by Diptera (myiophily or myophily). While Part I examined taxonomic diversity of anthophilous flies, here we consider the rewards and attractants used by flowers to procure visits by flies, and their importance in the lives of flies. Food rewards such as pollen and nectar are the primary reasons for flower visits, but there is also a diversity of non-nutritive rewards such as brood sites, shelter, and places of congregation. Floral attractants are the visual and chemical cues used by Diptera to locate flowers and the rewards that they offer, and we show how they act to increase the probability of floral visitation. Lastly, we discuss the various ways in which flowers manipulate the behaviour of flies, deceiving them to visit flowers that do not provide the advertised reward, and how some flies illegitimately remove floral rewards without causing pollination. Our review demonstrates that myiophily is a syndrome corresponding to elements of anatomical, behavioural and physiological adaptations of flower-visiting Diptera. The bewildering diversity of anthophilous Diptera and of the floral attractants and rewards to which they respond allows for only broad generalizations on myiophily and points to the need for more investigation. Ecological relationships between flies and flowers are critical to the survival of each group in many habitats. We require greater understanding of the significance of flies in pollination, especially in the face of recent pollinator declines.

}, issn = {1920-7603}, url = {http://www.pollinationecology.org/index.php?journal=jpe\&page=article\&op=view\&path\%5B\%5D=231}, author = {Thomas Woodcock and Brendon Larson and Peter Kevan and David Inouye and Klaus Lunau} } @article {51643, title = {Fungus Gnats Recording Scheme}, journal = {Fungus Gnats Recording Scheme Newsletter}, volume = {7}, year = {2014}, pages = {1-6}, author = {Chandler, Peter J.} }