01252nas a2200157 4500008004100000022001400041245017000055210006900225260001600294300001200310490000700322520067200329100002501001700001701026856005101043 2020 eng d a1280-955100aDiversity of Lygistorrhina (Probolaeus) Williston, 1896 (Diptera: Keroplatidae, Lygistorrhininae) of Mitaraka (French Guiana), with descriptions of three new species0 aDiversity of Lygistorrhina Probolaeus Williston 1896 Diptera Ker cDec-08-2020 a593-6060 v423 a

Three new species of Lygistorrhina (Probolaeus) Williston, 1896 are described, Lygistorrhina maculipennis n. sp., Lygistorrhina conica n. sp. and Lygistorrhina mitarakensis n. sp. The material was collected mainly by Malaise and SLAM traps in Mitaraka, southwestern French Guiana, during the “Our Planet Revisited” expedition in 2015. Lygistorrhina cerqueirai Lane, 1958 and Lygistorrhina urichi Edwards, 1912 are illustrated and their descriptions emended. A key to all known species of the subgenus Lygistorrhina (Probolaeus) is provided.

1 aBlagoderov, Vladimir1 aPollet, Marc uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.5252/zoosystema2020v42a3003172nas a2200205 4500008004100000245009600041210007200137300001000209490000700219520248800226100002602714700002402740700002702764700002602791700001702817700002602834700002902860700002802889856004902917 2020 eng d00aInvertebrates of Dobšiná Ice Cave and Stratená Cave System, Slovak Paradise, Slovakia0 aInvertebrates of Dobšiná Ice Cave and Stratená Cave System Sl a69-960 v583 a

So far, 262 invertebrate taxa have been identified in the entire Stratená Cave System, 91 of which occupy Dobšiná Ice Cave. Individual entrances to the system are situated on slopes covered by a mountain spruce forest. The parietal fauna of the entrance sections of the Stratená and Psie diery Caves consists of a rich dipteran community. The collapsed doline at the entrance of Dobšiná Ice Cave represents a peculiar microclimatically inverse habitat inhabited by cold-adapted species of soil fauna. The shallow soil profile at the entrance of Dobšiná Ice Cave is occupied by recently discovered Collembola species Megalothorax dobsinensis. Its existence is exclusively limited to the cold and wet parts of the entrance microclimatic gradient. The cave sections filled permanently with glaciers are the poorest in terms of species diversity, with only 4 invertebrate species recorded. Collembola Deuteraphorura kratochvili and Protaphorura janosik are Carpathian endemics. P. janosik is characteristic of the entire cave system, occasionally with higher population density on the ice surface. Unglaciated parts of the Stratená Cave System represent an environment with a more microclimatic balanced regime with an air temperature between 3–6 °C. These parts are the habitat of troglobiotic and eutroglophilic invertebrates such as mite Pantelozetes cavaticus and Cyrtolaelaps mucronatus, collembolans Pygmarrhopalites aggtelekiensis and Megalothorax carpaticus, isopod Mesoniscus graniger and diplopod Allorhiscosoma sphinx. The Stratená Cave is the locus typicus of troglobiotic mite Foveacheles troglodyta (family Rhagidiidae). The cave system is also rich in standing water habitats. Due to its macroscopic dimensions, Niphargus tatrensis is the most striking stygobiotic crustacean in the Stratená Cave System. Other typical representatives of the aquatic fauna are minute crustaceans Elaphoidella sp. and Bathynella natans occupying pools in unglaciated parts of the Dobšiná Ice Cave. The presence of highly adapted terrestrial and aquatic cave invertebrates, some of them classified as glacial relicts, indicates the stable environmental conditions of the Dobšiná Ice Cave despite its long-term exploitation as a tourist cave.

1 aPapáč, Vladimír1 aKošel, Vladimír1 aKováč, Ľubomír1 aĽuptáčik, Peter1 aMock, Andrej1 aParimuchová, Andrea1 aRaschmanová, Natália1 aVišňovská, Zuzana uhttps://sciaroidea.myspecies.info/node/6027100502nas a2200133 4500008004100000245011200041210006900153300001200222490000800234100002500242700002200267700003000289856004900319 2020 eng d00aNew distributional records for Diptera (Ceratopogonidae, Keroplatidae, Drosophilidae) from the Florida Keys0 aNew distributional records for Diptera Ceratopogonidae Keroplati a449-4500 v1291 aHribar, Lawrence, J.1 aBoehmler, Michael1 aPruszynski, Catherine, A. uhttps://sciaroidea.myspecies.info/node/6027003010nas a2200133 4500008004100000245010100041210006900142300001200211490000700223520255200230100002502782700002302807856004602830 2020 eng d00aUpdated checklist of Norwegian Mycetophilidae (Diptera), with 92% DNA barcode reference coverage0 aUpdated checklist of Norwegian Mycetophilidae Diptera with 92 DN a201-2340 v673 a

Up to present 602 species and 65 genera of fungus gnats, family Mycetophilidae, are published from Norway. Extensive collecting supported by the Norwegian Biodiversity Information Centre (NBIC) over the eight last years, with special focus on insect fauna in northern Norway, has documented 240 additional species and 2 additional genera from Norway, of which 118 species are considered as new to science. Based on a thorough review of the species previously published from Norway, we have crossed out six species as misidentified. One new synonym is established: Boletina conformis Siebke, 1863 syn. n. = Boletina plana (Walker, 1856). Two species are restituated based on integrative studies including DNA barcodes. These are Ectrepesthoneura bucera Plassmann, 1980 sp. restit., found to be a distinct species separate from Ectrepesthoneura ovata Ostroverkhova, 1977, and Trichonta trifida Lundstrom, 1909 sp. restit., found to be a distinct species separate from Trichonta vulcani (Dziedzicki, 1889). The updated, validated A-checklist includes 821 species of which 703 (86%) refer to formally described species and 118 (14%) to potentially undescribed species, referred to by their interim names as used on BOLD and in our databases. All species are documented with specimens in the museum collections at either Tromsø University Museum (TMU, 781 species, 95%) and/or the Natural History Museum in Oslo (NHMO, 382 species, 47%). Another 14 published species are transferred to a B-checklist with currently unvalidated species, as we fail to recover voucher representatives. Supported by the Norwegian Barcode of Life (NorBOL) network, we have DNA barcoded as many species as possible contributing to the reference library on The Barcode of Life Project (BOLD). Hence, 756 (92%) of the validated Norwegian species are currently documented with DNA barcodes and assigned Barcode Index Numbers (BINs) on BOLD, including the majority of the species considered new to science based on morphology (103 species, 87% of the 118). The checklist, is kept in a short format giving the published species names or interim names as used on BOLD and in our databases, depository information, assigned BINs with indications of discordance, and finally their (2015) Red List status in Norway. An accompanying dataset containing recording details and distribution of all new records from Norway of described species, is published on GBIF and on Norway’s Species Map Service (Artskart).

1 aKjærandsen, Jostein1 aSøli, Geir, E. E. uhttps://www.duo.uio.no/handle/10852/8258101181nas a2200121 4500008004100000245009100041210006900132300001400201490000700215520076500222100002300987856004901010 2020 eng d00aEleven New Nearctic Species of Sciophila Meigen Fungus Gnats (Diptera: Mycetophilidae)0 aEleven New Nearctic Species of Sciophila Meigen Fungus Gnats Dip a1121-11480 v453 a

Eleven new species of Sciophila Meigen fungus gnats were discovered in mixed pine and hardwood forest in the Lower Peninsula of Michigan. The current effort (and five species in press elsewhere) presents the only Sciophila species known to the author that were described from Michigan. Sciophila ansluta Taber, Sciophila betula Taber, Sciophila enigma Taber, Sciophila impala Taber, Sciophila michigana Taber, Sciophila paludosa Taber, Sciophila platalea Taber, Sciophila rugosa Taber, Sciophila separata Taber, Sciophila sunda Taber, and Sciophila typha Taber are known from adult males. Adult females and immature forms are unknown.

1 aTaber, Stephen, W. uhttps://sciaroidea.myspecies.info/node/6025602882nas a2200157 4500008004100000022001400041245014000055210006900195260001600264520227600280100002602556700001902582700002302601700001902624856008102643 2020 eng d a0305-736400aSelective pollination by fungus gnats potentially functions as an alternative reproductive isolation among five Arisaema species0 aSelective pollination by fungus gnats potentially functions as a cFeb-12-20203 a

Interspecific difference in pollinators (pollinator isolation) is important for reproductive isolation in flowering plants. Species-specific pollination by fungus gnats has been discovered in several plant taxa, suggesting that they can contribute to reproductive isolation. Nevertheless, their contribution has not been studied in detail, partly because they are too small for field observations during flower visitation. To quantify their flower visitation, we used the genus Arisaema (Araceae) because the pitcher-like spathe of Arisaema can trap all floral visitors.We evaluated floral visitor assemblage in an altitudinal gradient including five Arisaema species. We also examined interspecific differences in altitudinal distribution (geographic isolation) and flowering phenology (phenological isolation). To exclude the effect of interspecific differences in altitudinal distribution on floral visitor assemblage, we established ten experimental plots including the five Arisaema species in high- and low-altitude areas and collected floral visitors. We also collected floral visitors in three additional sites. Finally, we estimated the strength and contribution of these three reproductive barriers using a unified formula for reproductive isolation.Each Arisaema species selectively attracted different fungus gnats in the altitudinal gradient, experimental plots and additional sites. Altitudinal distribution and flowering phenology differed among the five Arisaema species, whereas the strength of geographic and phenological isolations were distinctly weaker than those in pollinator isolation. Nevertheless, the absolute contribution of pollinator isolation to total reproductive isolation was weaker than geographic and phenological isolations, because pollinator isolation functions after the two early-acting barriers in plant life history.Our results suggest that selective pollination by fungus gnats potentially contributes to reproductive isolation. Since geographic and phenological isolations can be disrupted by habitat disturbance and interannual climate change, the strong and stable pollinator isolation might compensate for the weakened early-acting barriers as an alternative reproductive isolation among the five Arisaema species.

1 aMatsumoto, Tetsuya, K1 aHirobe, Muneto1 aSueyoshi, Masahiro1 aMiyazaki, Yuko uhttps://academic.oup.com/aob/advance-article/doi/10.1093/aob/mcaa204/601730000782nas a2200133 4500008004100000024006300041245013700104210006900241300000800310490000800318520024100326100002300567856005800590 2020 eng d alsid: zoobank.org:pub:FEB0DEBF-8E3A-464A-B4F0-D2C85BB7F47700aVladelektra, an enigmatic new genus of killer fungus gnats (Diptera: Keroplatidae: incertae sedis) from mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber0 aVladelektra an enigmatic new genus of killer fungus gnats Dipter a1-90 v1393 a

A new genus and species of keroplatid fly, Vladelektra blagoderovi, gen. nov. et sp. nov. from mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber is described and illustrated. It marks only the third described keroplatid from Burmese amber.

1 aEvenhuis, Neal, L. uhttp://hbs.bishopmuseum.org/pubs-online/pdf/op139.pdf01344nas a2200169 4500008004100000022001400041245016100055210006900216260001600285300001400301490000800315520073400323100003101057700001701088700002301105856004601128 2020 eng d a1313-298900aFour new Neotropical species of Eudicrana Loew (Diptera, Mycetophilidae, Sciophilinae) from the Colombian high Andean ecosystems, with comments on the genus0 aFour new Neotropical species of Eudicrana Loew Diptera Mycetophi cJun-11-2020 a129 - 1500 v9883 a

Four new species of the sciophiline genus Eudicrana Loew are described for the Eastern and Central Andes of Colombia–Eudicrana silvaandina sp. nov., E. chingaza sp. nov., E. maculata sp. nov. and E. merizaldei. These are the first species of Eudicrana described from the extreme northern range of the Andes. The altitudinal distribution of these species in the paramos and high Andean forest ecosystems is restricted to 1750–3660 m a.s.l. and some other information on the environment is briefly discussed. A key for the Colombian species of Eudicrana is provided and a discussion is elaborated on the position of these species within the genus.

1 aHenao-Sepúlveda, Carolina1 aWolff, Marta1 aAmorim, Dalton, dS uhttps://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/4962701118nas a2200169 4500008004100000022001400041245018100055210006900236260001600305300001400321490000700335520046200342100002000804700002200824700001900846856008300865 2020 eng d a0132-806900aNew data on the fungus gnats (Diptera: Bolitophilidae, Keroplatidae, Mycetophilidae) of the Taimyr Peninsula with a description of two new species of the genus Boletina Staeger0 aNew data on the fungus gnats Diptera Bolitophilidae Keroplatidae cJan-12-2020 a315 - 3260 v293 a

New data on the fungus gnats fauna of the Taimyr Peninsula (Russia) are presented. Seventy-two species of the families Bolitophilidae, Keroplatidae and Mycetophilidae are reported, 65 of which are new for the area. Five species are newly recorded from Russia and two species — from the Palaearctic region. Two new species: Boletina rodentistyla Polevoi, sp.n. and Boletina pyasina Maximova et Subbotina, sp.n. are described.

1 aPolevoi, A., V.1 aMaximova, Yu., V.1 aSubbotina, Yu. uhttps://kmkjournals.com/journals/REJ/REJ_Index_Volumes/REJ_29/REJ_29_3_315_32601003nas a2200145 4500008004100000022001400041245012700055210006900182260001600251300001400267490000900281520047500290100002600765856006600791 2020 eng d a1175-532600aRevision of the Nearctic species of Ditomyia Winnertz and a new species from the Neotropical Region (Diptera: Ditomyiidae)0 aRevision of the Nearctic species of Ditomyia Winnertz and a new  cJun-10-2020 a239 - 2620 v48593 a

The Nearctic species of Ditomyia Winnertz (Diptera: Ditomyiidae) are revised and four species are recognized: D. euzona Loew and D. potomaca Fisher from the eastern Nearctic and D. sohnsi n. sp. and D. elongata n. sp. from the western Nearctic. All species are figured and a key provided. Additionally, the first known Neotropical Ditomyia is described and the generic limits of Ditomyia discussed.

1 aFitzgerald, Scott, J. uhttps://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.4859.2.401646nas a2200169 4500008004100000245011700041210006900158260001600227300001100243490000800254520105000262100001901312700002401331700002101355700001801376856008201394 2020 eng d00aFive new Palaearctic species of Docosia (Diptera: Mycetophilidae), with updated molecular phylogeny of the genus0 aFive new Palaearctic species of Docosia Diptera Mycetophilidae w cMay-09-2021 a3 - 260 v7173 a

A new phylogenetic hypothesis is proposed for the relationships among the species within the genus Docosia Winnertz, 1863, based on a combined analysis of five DNA markers (28S, ITS2, COI, COII and CytB). Five new species are described, Docosia anatolica Ševčík sp. nov. from Turkey, D. japonica Kurina sp. nov. from Japan, D. peloponnensis Ševčík sp. nov. from Greece, D. svanetica Kurina sp. nov. from Caucasus and D. polyspina Kurina sp. nov. from the Russian Far East. New country records of the following species are presented: D. diutina Plassmann, 1996 (Turkey), D. flavicoxa Strobl, 1900 (Georgia), D. gilvipes (Haliday in Walker, 1856) (Georgia), D. kerkini Kurina & Ševčík, 2011 (Bulgaria), D. moravica Landrock, 1916 (Georgia), D. pannonica Lastovka & Ševčík 2006 (Georgia) and D. rameli Kurina & Ševčík, 2011 (Slovakia).

1 aŠevčík, Jan1 aBurdíková, Nikola1 aKaspřák, David1 aKurina, Olavi uhttps://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/1095/279302296nas a2200169 4500008004100000022001400041245012800055210006900183260001600252300000900268490000600277520173600283100002502019700002002044700001902064856004302083 2020 eng d a1314-283600aCoelosynapha, a new genus of the subfamily Gnoristinae (Diptera: Mycetophilidae) with a circumpolar, Holarctic distribution0 aCoelosynapha a new genus of the subfamily Gnoristinae Diptera My cOct-09-2020 a1-280 v83 a

Background
The subfamily Gnoristinae is one of the most diverse and taxonomically difficult subfamilies of Mycetophilidae, with new species and genera being described almost every year from various parts of the world. Through inventories of fungus gnats in the Nordic Region and Russia, a genus and species new to science was discovered, yet with links back to an illustration made by the late French entomologist Loïc Matile in the 1980s. DNA barcoding aligned it with yet another species new to science, distributed across Canada and documented through The Barcode of Life Data System (BOLD) by Paul D. N. Hebert and colleagues at the BOLD team.

New information
The new Holarctic genus, Coelosynapha gen. n. is described, consisting of two new species, the Palaearctic Coelosynapha loici sp. n. and the Nearctic Coelosynapha heberti sp. n. DNA-barcodes assign the two new species to distinctly separated (8.27% p-distance) Barcode Index Numbers (BINs) which are most closely aligned to unidentified species of Mycetophilidae from South Australia and Costa Rica on BOLD. The new genus shows morphological characteristics in between the two Holarctic genera Coelosia Winnertz, 1864 and Synapha Meigen, 1818 and further shows affinity to the southern continents genus Austrosynapha Tonnoir, 1929. The Palaearctic Coelosynapha loici sp. n., for which habitat requirements are best documented, is largely restricted to pristine, old-growth conifer (mostly spruce, Picea abies ssp. obovata) forests within the boreal vegetation zone, although it is also recorded from hummock tundra along the Anadyr River in Far East Russia.

1 aKjærandsen, Jostein1 aPolevoi, Alexei1 aSalmela, Jukka uhttps://bdj.pensoft.net/article/54834/02015nas a2200157 4500008004100000245017700041210006900218260001600287300000800303490000700311520138200318100001901700700002601719700002501745856008701770 2020 eng d00aIntriguing and Beautiful: Adamacrocera adami gen. et sp. nov. from the Upper Cretaceous Amber of Myanmar Represents a New Subfamily of Keroplatidae (Diptera: Bibionomorpha)0 aIntriguing and Beautiful Adamacrocera adami gen et sp nov from t cJan-09-2020 a5520 v113 a

Simple Summary: The Upper Cretaceous amber of Myanmar (also known as Burmese amber) is almost 100 Mya old and represents invaluable source of information about the evolution of life in the late Mesozoic. Various groups of fossil flies (Diptera) belong to the most abundant insects found in these fossil resins indicating that it was the Mesozoic when the early evolution and radiation of Diptera took place. Here we describe a remarkable fossil fly which combines characters of various other related flies from different families (both extant and fossil) in a very unusual way. This new genus is tentatively placed in the family Keroplatidae (the so called predaceous fungus gnats) pending and stimulating further research into the evolution of lower Diptera.

Abstract: A new fossil genus and species of Keroplatidae (Diptera, Bibionomorpha, Sciaroidea), Adamacrocera adami gen. et sp. nov., from the Upper Cretaceous Burmese amber is described and illustrated. Based on morphological evidence, it is placed in a new subfamily Adamacrocerinae subfam. nov. The new genus, as well as the subfamily, possesses the wing venation characteristic of the genera of some Sciaroidea incertae sedis, as well as that of the fossil families Archizelmiridae, Antefungivoridae and Mesosciophilidae, in combination with macrocerine‐like habitus and male terminalia.

1 aŠevčík, Jan1 aKrzemiński, Wiesław1 aSkibińska, Kornelia uhttps://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/11/9/552https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/11/9/552/pdf01941nas a2200157 4500008004100000245007800041210006900119300001100188490000600199520145200205100001901657700002001676700001801696700002001714856004901734 2020 eng d00aIn-Silico Analysis of Silk Serpin-2 Protein from Arachnocampa richardsae.0 aInSilico Analysis of Silk Serpin2 Protein from Arachnocampa rich a98-1060 v73 a

Silk Serpin-2 protein originates in Arachnocampa richardsae species which exhibits the presence of unexplored nucleotide sequence. Whole-genome annotations for Arachnocampa richardsae have not been accomplished and there are no known functions of Silk Serpin-2 until now. Therefore in this paper, we studied specifications like phylogenetic analysis, conservative residue, and conserved domain, secondary and 3D structure, physicochemical properties, and functional importance of Silk Serpin-2. The methodology used for the study involve software tools like MEGA X, Bio Edit, PSIPRED and Swissprot for the overall insilico study of the Silk Serpin-2 protein. Reliable and effective methods for 3D structure modeling were used and validated using the Ramachandran Plot. Results showed that the presence of silk Serpin-2 in the cell is responsible for many processes like regulation of metabolic process (88.08%), catabolic processes (69%), and catalytic activity (85.7%). The tools were used to discover the physicochemical properties from number of amino acids to the instability index. The secondary structure and 3D model of the protein were predicted which represented valid amino acid percentage in the allowed region of Ramachandran plot. The study may prove to be a reference for revealing further applications of the protein Silk Serpin-2 and the implementation of this technique will aid to expose other unknown proteins.

1 aChougale, Amit1 aMantri, Shivani1 aKagale, Sneha1 aVedante, Shruti uhttps://sciaroidea.myspecies.info/node/6013400945nas a2200157 4500008004100000022001400041245009200055210006900147260001600216300001400232490000900246520041600255100002000671700002900691856006700720 2020 eng d a1175-532600aA new species of Stenophragma Skuse from Borneo (Diptera: Mycetophilidae: Sciophilinae)0 anew species of Stenophragma Skuse from Borneo Diptera Mycetophil cOct-07-2021 a195 - 2000 v48193 a

Stenophragma borneense sp. n. from Borneo is described and illustrated. In the new species, a variability in the presence/ absence and location of R4+5, including between left and right wings of the same specimen, is observed. The cell between Rs and R4+5, if present, can be triangular, trapeziform or almost squared. An identification key to the extant species of the genus is also provided.

1 aBechev, Dimitar1 aKazandzhieva, Svetlozara uhttps://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.4819.1.1200502nas a2200133 4500008004100000022001400041245012000055210006900175260001600244300001400260490000900274100001800283856006700301 2020 eng d a1175-532600aThree new species and new records of Clastobasis Skuse (Diptera: Mycetophilidae) from Japan and the Kuril Islands 0 aThree new species and new records of Clastobasis Skuse Diptera M cJan-07-2021 a589 - 6000 v48101 aKurina, Olavi uhttps://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.4810.3.1301709nas a2200145 4500008004100000245008500041210006900126300001200195490000700207520123600214100002901450700001501479700002001494856004901514 2020 eng d00aArthropods visiting flowers of Aristolochia californica Torr. (Aristolochiaceae)0 aArthropods visiting flowers of Aristolochia californica Torr Ari a79–890 v963 a

A  survey  of   arthropods  visiting  flowers  of California  pipevine,  Aristolochia  californica Torr. (Aristolochiaceae), was conducted during 2017 and 2018. Collecting produced 1725 individuals in 75 terminal taxa. Over the two years, a residential backyard produced more terminal taxa (70) and individuals (1539) than flowers in an upland grassland (27 terminal taxa, 186 individuals). Diptera: Mycetophilidae were the dominate arthropod group attracted to the flowers, accounting for 77.8% of  visitors and represented by 17 genera and 28 morphospecies, with Mycetophila  Meigen,  1803  being  most  diverse  with  12  morphospecies.  The  superfamily  Sciaroidea  (Keroplatidae,  Mycetophilidae,  Sciaridae)  had  33  morphospecies  and  1505  specimens  representing  87.2%  of   the  total  arthropods.  The  arthropods  could  be  grouped  into  the  following guilds: potential pollinators, fluid feeders, predators, parasites, scavengers and temporary residents.

1 aBorkent, Christopher, J.1 aHauser, M.1 aShepart, W., D. uhttps://sciaroidea.myspecies.info/node/6012502906nas a2200193 4500008004100000245011200041210006900153260001600222490000700238520224500245100002302490700002502513700002302538700002702561700002302588700002502611700002202636856005402658 2020 eng d00aA new brilliantly blue-emitting luciferin-luciferase system from Orfelia fultoni and Keroplatinae (Diptera)0 anew brilliantly blueemitting luciferinluciferase system from Orf cJan-12-20200 v103 a

Larvae of O. fultoni (Keroplatidae: Keroplatinae), which occur along river banks in the Appalachian Mountains in Eastern United States, produce the bluest bioluminescence among insects from translucent areas associated to black bodies, which are  located mainly in the anterior and posterior parts of the body. Although closely related to Arachnocampa spp (Keroplatidae: Arachnocampininae), O.fultoni has a morphologically and biochemically distinct bioluminescent system which evolved independently, requiring a luciferase enzyme, a luciferin, a substrate binding fraction (SBF) that releases luciferin in the presence of mild reducing agents, molecular oxygen, and no additional cofactors. Similarly, the closely related Neoceroplatus spp, shares the same kind of luciferin-luciferase system of Orfelia fultoni. However, the molecular properties, identities and functions of luciferases, SBf and luciferin of Orfelia fultoni and other  luminescent members of the Keroplatinae subfamily still remain to be fully elucidated. Using O. fultoni as a source of luciferase, and the recently discovered non-luminescent cave worm Neoditomiya sp as the main source of luciferin and SBF, we isolated and initially characterized these compounds. The luciferase of O. fultoni is a stable enzyme active as an apparent trimer (220 kDa) composed of ~70 kDa monomers, with an optimum pH of 7.8. The SBF, which is found in the black bodies in Orfelia fultoni and in smaller dark granules in Neoditomiya sp, consists of a high molecular weight complex of luciferin and proteins, apparently associated to mitochondria. The luciferin, partially purified from hot extracts by a combination of anion exchange chromatography and TLC, is a very polar and weakly fluorescent compound, whereas its oxidized product displays blue fluorescence with an emission spectrum matching the bioluminescence spectrum (~460 nm), indicating that it is oxyluciferin. The widespread occurrence of luciferin and SBF in both luminescent and non-luminescent Keroplatinae larvae indicate an additional important biological function for the substrate, and therefore the name keroplatin

1 aViviani, Vadim, R.1 aSilva, Jaqueline, R.1 aAmaral, Danilo, T.1 aBevilaqua, Vanessa, R.1 aAbdalla, Fabio, C.1 aBranchini, Bruce, R.1 aJohnson, Carl, H. uhttp://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-66286-102214nas a2200193 4500008004100000245018000041210006900221300000900290490000700299520151900306100002001825700002001845700002401865700002501889700002501914700001801939700001901957856004401976 2020 eng d00aHidden in Plain Sight: Comprehensive Molecular Phylogeny of Keroplatidae and Lygistorrhinidae (Diptera) Reveals Parallel Evolution and Leads to a Revised Family Classification0 aHidden in Plain Sight Comprehensive Molecular Phylogeny of Kerop a1-160 v113 a

We provide the first molecular phylogeny of Keroplatidae and Lygistorrhinidae, families of fungus gnats (Diptera: Bibionomorpha: Sciaroidea). Phylogenies reconstructed by Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian methods, based on four nuclear and four mitochondrial gene markers (5106 base pairs) sequenced for 75 genera and 105 species, show Keroplatidae as monophyletic only with the family Lygistorrhinidae included, herewith treated as the subfamily Lygistorrhininae stat. nov. The subfamily Arachnocampinae is retained in the family, although lowering its overall support. An early branching clade, comprising species of Platyura Meigen, 1803 and Paleoplatyura melanderi Fisher, 1941, forms subfamily Platyurinae Loew, 1850 stat. nov. The subfamilies Sciarokeroplatinae and Macrocerinae grouped together with three genera considered here as Keroplatidae incertae sedis. Subfamily Lygistorrhininae forms a sister clade to subfamily Keroplatinae, both retained monophyletic with high support. The traditional division of the subfamily Keroplatinae into the tribes Orfeliini and Keroplatini appears as outdated, resting largely on adaptive characters prone to parallel evolution. We find support for an alternative tribe corresponding to the Cloeophoromyia–Asindulum genus group, but a tribal reclassification of the Keroplatinae is left for future studies. The genus Heteropterna Skuse, 1888 is considered as identical with Ctenoceridion Matile, 1972 syn. nov.

1 aMantič, Michal1 aSikora, Tomáš1 aBurdíková, Nikola1 aBlagoderov, Vladimir1 aKjærandsen, Jostein1 aKurina, Olavi1 aŠevčík, Jan uhttps://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/11/6/34800630nas a2200193 4500008004100000245008700041210006900128300001100197490000800208100002000216700002400236700002100260700002200281700002000303700002400323700002100347700002200368856004600390 2020 eng d00aNew faunistic records of the family Mycetophilidae (Insecta, Diptera) from Morocco0 aNew faunistic records of the family Mycetophilidae Insecta Dipte a93-1100 v9341 aBanamar, Ouarda1 aChandler, Peter, J.1 aDriauach, Ouafaa1 aBelqat, Boutaïna1 aBanamar, Ouarda1 aChandler, Peter, J.1 aDriauach, Ouafaa1 aBelqat, Boutaïna uhttps://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/4915700538nas a2200097 4500008004100000245021900041210006900260100001800329700002600347856006700373 2020 eng d00aErratum: HERON HUERTA & SCOTT J. FITZGERALD (2020) A new species of Setostylus Matile and new records of Setostylus bellulus (Williston) (Diptera: Keroplatidae). Zootaxa, 4722: 084–090.0 aErratum HERON HUERTA SCOTT J FITZGERALD 2020 A new species of em1 aHuerta, Heron1 aFitzgerald, Scott, J. uhttps://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.4755.3.1300804nas a2200121 4500008004100000245009400041210006900135300001000204490000700214520036200221100002000583856007900603 2020 eng d00aNew and rare fungus gnats for the fauna of Bulgaria (Diptera: Nematocera: Mycetophilidae)0 aNew and rare fungus gnats for the fauna of Bulgaria Diptera Nema a27-310 v413 a

The paper provides information about two newly recorded species for the fauna of Bulgaria: Docosia rohaceki Sevcik, 2006 and Leia graeca Bechev, 1997 and new localities for another two rare species in Bulgaria. Azana (A.) bulgarense Coher, 1995 is proposed as a synonym of Azana (A.) flavohalterata Strobl, 1909.

1 aPavlova, Anelia uhttp://www.nmnhs.com/historia-naturalis-bulgarica/pdfs/000442000412020.pdf02342nas a2200133 4500008004100000245012400041210006900165520182700234100002202061700002202083700002002105700001702125856006602142 2020 eng d00aExploring the visual world of fossilized and modern fungus gnat eyes (Diptera: Keroplatidae) with X-ray microtomography0 aExploring the visual world of fossilized and modern fungus gnat 3 a

Animal eyes typically possess specialized regions for guiding different behavioural tasks within their specific visual habitat. These specializations, and evolutionary changes to them, can be crucial for understanding an animal’s ecology. Here, we explore how the visual systems of some of the smallest flying insects, fungus gnats, have adapted to different types of forest habitat over time (approx. 30 Myr to today). Unravelling how behavioural, environmental and phylogenetic factors influence the evolution of visual specializations is difficult, however, because standard quantitative techniques often require fresh tissue and/or provide data in eye-centric coordinates that prevent reliable comparisons between species with different eye morphologies. Here, we quantify the visual world of three gnats from different time periods and habitats using X-ray microtomography to create high-resolution three-dimensional models of the compound eyes of specimens in different preservation states—fossilized in amber, dried or stored in ethanol. We present a method for analysing the geometric details of individual corneal facets and for estimating and comparing the sensitivity, spatial resolution and field of view of species across geographical space and evolutionary time. Our results indicate that, despite their miniature size, fungus gnats do have variations in visual properties across their eyes. We also find some indication that these visual specializations vary across species and may represent adaptations to their different forest habitats. Overall, the findings demonstrate how such investigations can be used to study the evolution of visual specializations—and sensory ecology in general—across a range of insect taxa from different geographical locations and across time.

1 aTaylor, Gavin, J.1 aHall, Stephen, A.1 aGren, Johan, A.1 aBaird, Emily uhttps://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsif.2019.075001814nas a2200193 4500008004100000245012800041210006900169520111200238653001201350653001801362653002401380653002201404653002101426653001101447653001501458100002501473700002801498856009401526 2020 eng d00aNew records and first DNA barcodes of Sciarosoma nigriclava (Strobl, 1898) (Diptera, Sciaroidea incertae sedis) from Norway0 aNew records and first DNA barcodes of Sciarosoma nigriclava Stro3 a

New records of Sciarosoma nigriclava (Strobl, 1898) are presented from Engerdal in Hedmark and Gargialia outside Alta in Finnmark. This unique species, belonging to the enigmatic Heterotricha-group still unplaced in family, has not been recorded in Norway since the genus and species was described under the name Sciarosoma borealis Chandler, 2002; at the time only a single male from Østmarka Nature Reserve in Akershus was reported. All four specimens of our new material were successfully DNA barcoded and aligned with a single additional sequence of the species available on The Barcode of Life Data System (BOLD), mined from GenBank. The assigned Barcode Index Number (BIN) for the species displays a considerable distance of some 15% to any other Diptera on BOLD, underscoring the isolated phylogenetic position of the species among the Sciaroidea. Both the new collecting sites are situated within or nearby old-growth pine and spruce forests, supporting the view that the species may serve as an indicator of pristine coniferous forest in the boreal Taiga.

10aDiptera10aDNA barcoding10aHeterotrichia-group10aindicator species10anew distribution10aNorBOL10aSciarosoma1 aKjaerandsen, Jostein1 aHagenlund, Linn, Katine uhttp://www.entomologi.no/journals/nje/2019-2/pdf/nje-vol66-no2-2019-94-98-kjaerandsen.pdf01855nas a2200121 4500008004100000245010700041210006900148300001400217490000900231520140900240100001801649856006601667 2020 eng d00aNew species and new records of Sciophila Meigen (Diptera: Mycetophilidae) from the Afrotropical region0 aNew species and new records of Sciophila Meigen Diptera Mycetoph a339–3510 v47223 a

A comprehensive material of Afrotropical Sciophila including 262 male specimens of 15 species collected from 7 countries are studied. Two new species—S. geiri sp. n. and S. tchabalensis sp. n.—are described from Madagascar and Cameroon, respectively. New records of the following 13 species are presented: S. digitilenta Søli, 1997 (Uganda), S. fenestralis Søli, 1997 (South Africa), S. kakumensis Søli, 1997 (Cameroon, Uganda), S. kjaerandseni Søli, 1997 (Uganda), S. koundensis Søli, 1997 (Uganda), S. leptosoma Søli, 1997 (Democratic Republic of Congo), S. longistyla Søli, 1997 (South Africa), S. mazumbaiensis Søli, 1997 (Uganda), S. ocreata Philippi, 1865 (France: La Réunion), S. papula Søli, 1997 (Democratic Republic of Congo), S. pinniger Søli, 1997 (South Africa, Cameroon, Uganda, Kenya), S. quadra Søli, 1997 (Democratic
Republic of Congo), S. stellata Søli, 1997 (Uganda). The majority of the new records represent the first ones since initial description of the species. S. ocreata is considered to be introduced to the Island of La Réunion. The number of Afrotropical Sciophila species is set at 23.

1 aKurina, Olavi uhttps://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.4722.4.301016nas a2200133 4500008004100000245011100041210006900152300001400221490001000235520048100245100001800726700001500744856012300759 2020 eng d00aThe oldest fungus gnat of the tribe Exechiini in the lowermost Eocene Oise amber (Diptera: Mycetophilidae)0 aoldest fungus gnat of the tribe Exechiini in the lowermost Eocen a091–0980 v 47223 a

Eoexechia gallica gen. n. and sp. n., oldest record of the fungus gnat tribe Exechiini, is described from the Lowermost Eocene amber of France. It falls as sister group of all the extant Exechiini after its addition to the morphological phylogenetic analysis of the tribe. Its discovery suggests a Paleocene age for the Exechiini, in accordance with the current phylogenetic dating. This new discovery will help to date the whole clade in future phylogenies.

1 aCamier, Marie1 aNel, Andre uhttps://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/issue/view/zootaxa.4722.1https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.4722.1.900927nas a2200133 4500008004100000245011500041210006900156300001400225490000900239520037800248100001800626700002600644856012300670 2020 eng d00aA new species of Setostylus Matile and new records of Setostylus bellulus (Williston) (Diptera: Keroplatidae)0 anew species of Setostylus Matile and new records of Setostylus b a084–0900 v47223 a

Setostylus xoxo spec. nov., is described and illustrated from Morelos, Mexico and southern Arizona, USA and is compared with similar Neotropical congeners. Additionally, the first records of Setostylus bellulus (Williston) are provided from Guatemala and Costa Rica and an updated key to the New World species of Setostylus is presented.

1 aHuerta, Heron1 aFitzgerald, Scott, J. uhttps://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/issue/view/zootaxa.4722.1https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.4722.1.8