02655nas a2200181 4500008004100000245011500041210006900156260001100225300000700236490000700243520207500250100002002325700002402345700002102369700001602390700001802406856004902424 2015 eng d00aHost diversity and trophic status as determinants of speciesrichness and community composition of fungus gnats0 aHost diversity and trophic status as determinants of speciesrich c04.02. a530 v163 a

2014AbstractMaking generalisations on trophic interactions is often limited because studies mostly focus on only a few target systems.Despite the important role of fungivores in forest ecosystems, the determinants of their communities are poorly known. Thisstudy examined, for the first time, on the basis of quantitative data, the diversity of fungivorous insects in relation to that oftheir hosts. Variation in range, species richness and community composition of associated partners was compared among fungusgnats (Diptera: Mycetophilidae, Bolitophilidae) and their mushroom hosts (Basidiomycota: Agaricomycetes) using rarefactionprocedures and permutational analysis of variance. DNA barcoding aided identification of fungus gnat species. In the studiedboreal forests, 80% of the 100 fungal species and 74% of 460 fruitbodies were colonised by fungus gnats. Each infestedmushroom species hosted 1 to 12 gnat species, with 37 gnat species reared from 1 to 41 fungal species. Mushroom and fungusgnat species were both associated with three partner species at median. While most of the common gnat species could beconsidered oligo- or polyphagous, this study showed that earlier works have erroneously categorised some ubiquitous species aspolyphagous in the absence of quantitative data. Species richness of fungus gnats and mushrooms correlated strongly at the levelof host genera. Regarding partners community composition, analysing frequencies of associations between all pairs of partnerspecies revealed no significant differences among fungus gnats but distinguished between the saprotrophic and ectomycorrhizalmushroom genera. Our results provide empirical evidence to substantiate a recent hypothesis that fungal trophic status affects,via fruitbody characteristics, the community structure of associated organisms. Presented evidence suggests oligophages withhost preference to prevail among mushroom-feeding fungus gnats, thereby distinguishing these from many other studied insectguilds, largely composed of broad generalists and strict specialists.

1 aPõldmaa, Kadri1 aJürgenstein, Siiri1 aBahram, Mohammad1 aTeder, Tiit1 aKurina, Olavi uhttps://sciaroidea.myspecies.info/node/5522701429nas a2200157 4500008004100000245016100041210006900202260001100271300000800282490000800290520086600298100001801164700001701182700002001199856005201219 2015 eng d00aTwo new Neuratelia Rondani (Diptera, Mycetophilidae) species from Western Palaearctic: a case of limited congruence between morphology and DNA sequence data0 aTwo new Neuratelia Rondani Diptera Mycetophilidae species from W c16.04. a1290 v4963 a

Two new Mycetophilidae species, Neuratelia jabalmoussae sp. n. and Neuratelia salmelai sp. n. are described
on the basis of material collected from Lebanon, Estonia and Finland. Detailed figures of male
terminalia and photographs of general facies are provided along with discussions of their morphological
distinction from sibling species. For the first time molecular characters are used to distinguish new fungus
gnat species. Molecular analysis relies on cytochrome oxidase subunit one (COI) but has additionally been
corroborated by information from the 28S and ITS2 regions of nuclear ribosomal DNA. Situations where
morphological and molecular data provide conflicting evidence for species delimitation are discussed. A
new country record from Georgia is provided for Neuratelia caucasica.

1 aKurina, Olavi1 aÕunap, Erki1 aPõldmaa, Kadri uhttp://zookeys.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=5115