03050nas a2200241 4500008004100000245010400041210006900145300000900214490001300223520226600236100002002502700001902522700001602541700002002557700001702577700002002594700002202614700001902636700001802655700002502673700002902698856008102727 2019 eng d00aDiptera of the middle Eocene Kishenehn Formation. I. Documentation of diversity at the family level0 aDiptera of the middle Eocene Kishenehn Formation I Documentation a1-560 v22.2.50A3 a
The Coal Creek Member of the Kishenehn Formation in northwestern Montana, USA, is an emerging middle Eocene Lagerstätte. While fish, plant, mammal and molluscan fossils are present, the most numerous and well-preserved fossils are those of insects. In this study, we initiate an effort to enumerate, at the family level, the diversity of flies (Insecta: Diptera) at this locality. Seventeen specimens from 17 different families (15 families with Limoniinae and Cylindrotominae within Tipulidae s.l.), 15 new species and three new genera are described. These include Tipula fji sp. nov. (Tipulidae), Ellipteroides kishenehn sp. nov. (Limoniidae), Cyttaromyia lynnae sp. nov. (Cylindrotomidae), Sylvicola silibrarius sp. nov. (Anisopodidae), Efcookella nigra sp. nov. (first fossil known in the genus) (Scatopsidae), Bibiodes kishenehnensis sp. nov. (Bibionidae), Eosciarites hermes gen. et sp. nov. (Sciaridae), Rymosia hypnolithica sp. nov. (Mycetophilidae), Litoleptis araeostylus sp. nov. (Rhagionidae), Kishenehnoasilus bhl gen. et sp. nov. (Asilidae), Drapetis adelomedos sp. nov. (Hybotidae), Salishomyia eocenica gen. et sp. nov. (Dolichopodidae), Agathomyia eocenica sp. nov. (first known fossil in genus) (Platypezidae), Lonchoptera eocenica sp. nov. (Lonchopteridae) and Aenigmatias kishenehnensis sp. nov. (Phoridae). Two specimens in the families Psychodidae and Pipunculidae are described but not assigned to a genus. In addition, we revise several related fossil species housed at the NMNH. Asilopsis fusculus Cockerell, 1921, formerly described in Asilidae, is transferred to Cyttaromyia (Cylindrotomidae) as C. fuscula, Sciara florissantensis Cockerell, 1917 is assigned to Sciaroidea incertae sedis, and Sciara gurnetensis Cockerell, 1916, Sciara lacoei Cockerell, 1915 and Sciara protoberidis Cockerell, 1915, are assigned to Sciaridae incertae sedis. Given their diversity and high degree of preservation, continued characterization of the Coal Creek Member fossils may help elucidate the Eocene radiation of Diptera in North America.
1 aGreenwalt, Dale1 aBickel, Daniel1 aKerr, Peter1 aCurler, Gregory1 aBrown, Brian1 ade Jong, Herman1 aFitzgerald, Scott1 aDikow, Torsten1 aTkoč, Michal1 aKehlmaier, Christian1 aAmorim, Dalton, De Souza uhttps://palaeo-electronica.org/content/2019/2622-kishenehn-formation-diptera01211nas a2200145 4500008004100000022001400041245011200055210006900167260001500236300001400251490000800265520054300273100001600816856023300832 2014 eng d a1313-298900aThe sequoia-loving sprite, a new genus and species of fungus gnat (Diptera, Mycetophilidae) from California0 asequoialoving sprite a new genus and species of fungus gnat Dipt c27-08-2014 a109 - 1260 v4373 aCalifornia is one of the most biologically diverse regions of the world, yet the diversity of fungus gnats (Mycetophilidae) remains largely undocumented within the state. A modest survey of these flies has led to the discovery of a new genus and species of gnat that lives alongside one of the most iconic trees in the world, the giant sequoia (Sequoiadendron giganteum). Spritella sequoiaphila gen. et sp. n.is described and illustrated and its status among other mycetophilid genera is analyzed and discussed.
1 aKerr, Peter uhttp://www.pensoft.net/journals/zookeys/article/7932/abstract/the-sequoia-loving-sprite-a-new-genus-and-species-of-fungus-gnat-diptera-mycetophilidae-from-californiahttp://www.pensoft.net/journals/zookeys/article/7932/supp/2517901038nas a2200157 4500008004100000022001400041245006900055210006600124260001600190300001200206490000900218520049800227100002600725700001600751856011300767 2014 eng d a1175-532600aRevision of Nearctic Phthinia Winnertz (Diptera: Mycetophilidae)0 aRevision of Nearctic Phthinia Winnertz Diptera Mycetophilidae cJan-08-2016 a301-3250 v38563 aThe Nearctic species of Phthinia Winnertz are revised. Eight species are recognized, of which four are newly described; P. tanypus Loew (=P. carolina Fisher n. syn., and P. catawbiensis Shaw n. syn.), P. lobata Zaitzev, P. miranda Zaitzev, P. ramificans Zaitzev, P. nepunei n. sp., P. cascadica n. sp., P. meicigama n. sp. and P. mikmaqi n. sp. A key to these species is also provided.
1 aFitzgerald, Scott, J.1 aKerr, Peter uhttp://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/issue/view/zootaxa.3856.3http://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.3856.3.101498nas a2200133 4500008004100000245007900041210006900120260003200189300001200221490000800233520106000241100001601301856004701317 2011 eng d00aSix new species of Acomoptera from North America (Diptera, Mycetophilidae)0 aSix new species of Acomoptera from North America Diptera Mycetop bPensoft Publishersc10/2011 a41–760 v1373 aSix new species are described, raising the number of North American Acomoptera species to seven and the genus total to ten, and nearly doubling the number of species within the putative clade containing Acomoptera, Drepanocercus, and Paratinia. These novel species forms have implications for the concept of Acomoptera that in turn, may impact our understanding of its generic relationships and the evolution and composition of Gnoristinae and Sciophilinae. The new species, A. crispa, A. digitata, A. echinosa, A. forculata, A. nelsoni, and A. vockerothi, are compared with the type species of the genus, A. plexipus (Garrett), whose diagnostic features are imaged and illustrated for the first time. The European species, A. difficilis (Dziedzicki) is also illustrated and compared. Acomoptera spinistyla (Søli) comb. nov is transferred from Drepanocercus. A key to species is provided. Future work will seek to incorporate this knowledge into a systematic phylogenetic study of relationships between these species and their sister taxa.
1 aKerr, Peter uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.137.176401277nas a2200169 4500008004100000245007500041210006900116300000900185490000900194520074400203653001500947653001700962653001600979653001600995100001601011856008001027 2010 eng d00aNew Azana species from Western North America (Diptera: Mycetophilidae)0 aNew Azana species from Western North America Diptera Mycetophili a1-140 v23973 aTwo new species of fungus gnats (Diptera: Mycetophilidae), Azana malinamoena and Azana frizzelli, spp. nov., are described and figured from California. These species represent the first records of Azana for western North America. A diagnosis of the genus Azana Walker is presented and a provisional key for the New World species of the genus is given. The discovery of A. malinamoena and A. frizzelli in California and their apparently close relationship to A. nigricoxa Strobl from south-western Europe (rather than to the only other Azana species known from North America, A. sinusa Coher) implies a more complicated biogeographic history of this genus in North America, one that probably includes multiple, independent dispersal events.10aCalifornia10afungus gnats10anew species10aSystematics1 aKerr, Peter uhttp://www.online-keys.net/sciaroidea/2000_/Kerr_2010_Azana_zt02397p014.pdf01637nas a2200193 4500008004100000245009400041210006900135300001200204490000800216520100200224653006801226100001701294700001301311700001701324700001601341700001801357700001901375856004901394 2009 eng d00aSimultaneous freeze tolerance and avoidance in individual fungus gnats, Exechia nugatoria0 aSimultaneous freeze tolerance and avoidance in individual fungus a897-9020 v1793 aFreeze tolerance and freeze avoidance are typically described as mutually exclusive strategies for overwintering in animals. Here we show an insect species that combines both strategies. Individual fungus gnats, collected in Fairbanks, Alaska, display two freezing events when experimentally cooled and different rates of survival after each event (mean ± SEM: −31.5 ± 0.2°C, 70% survival and −50.7 ± 0.4°C, 0% survival). To determine which body compartments froze at each event, we dissected the abdomen from the head/thorax and cooled each part separately. There was a significant difference between temperature levels of abdominal freezing (−30.1 ± 1.1°C) and head/thorax freezing (−48.7 ± 1.3°C). We suggest that freezing is initially restricted to one body compartment by regional dehydration in the head/thorax that prevents inoculative freezing between the freeze-tolerant abdomen (71.0 ± 0.8% water) and the supercooled, freeze-sensitive head/thorax (46.6 ± 0.8% water).10aMycetophilidae · Exechia nugatoria · Supercooling · Exotherm1 aSformo, Todd1 aKohl, F.1 aMcIntyre, J.1 aKerr, Peter1 aDuman, J., G.1 aBarnes, B., M. uhttps://sciaroidea.myspecies.info/node/4389000905nas a2200121 4500008004100000245007700041210006900118300001000187490000900197520049200206100001600698856006900714 2007 eng d00aRevision of the Holarctic genus Novakia Strobl (Diptera: Mycetophilidae)0 aRevision of the Holarctic genus Novakia Strobl Diptera Mycetophi a27-400 v15543 aTwo new species of fungus gnats (Diptera: Mycetophilidae), Novakia miloi and Novakia lisae spp. nov., are described and figured from California. Novakia distincta Fisher is transferred to Tetragoneura Winnertz and a replacement name, Tetragoneura fisherae Kerr, nom. nov., is given for this species. A diagnosis and description of the genus Novakia Strobl is presented and includes a key to species of the genus. The relationship of species within the genus Novakia is briefly discussed.1 aKerr, Peter uhttp://www.online-keys.net/sciaroidea/2000_/Kerr2007_Novakia.pdf