01841nas a2200157   4500008004100000245009500041210006900136490000800205520129500213100002101508700001901529700002501548700002401573700002301597856006301620       2021                        eng d00aMolecular phylogeny of Allodia (Diptera: Mycetophilidae) constructed using genome skimming0 aMolecular phylogeny of Allodia Diptera Mycetophilidae constructe0 vn/a3 a<p>In this study, we use low-coverage shotgun sequencing of genomic DNA, commonly referred to as genome skimming, to investigate the phylogenetic relationships of the fungus gnat genus Allodia Winnertz (Mycetophilidae, Mycetophilinae, Exechiini). Nineteen specimens, representing 16 in-group and three outgroup taxa, were successfully sequenced and molecular markers of both mitochondrial and nuclear origin were retrieved. The phylogenetic analyses of 13 protein-coding mitochondrial genes, two ribosomal mitochondrial genes and the nuclear ribosomal 18S and 28S strongly support the monophyly of its two subgenera Allodia s.s. and Brachycampta. Complete mitochondrial genomes of 15 species were assembled, which enables further comparisons with the mitochondrial genomes of other Diptera. Overall, the methodology used in this study proved successful and promising for other dipteran groups. In addition to the phylogenetic reconstruction, the morphological characters previously used to separate the two subgenera were evaluated and re-examined. Together with the composite structure of the male genitalia, we consider details of the scutal bristles appropriate for separating the two groups. Based on the achieved results, we reinstate Brachycampta stat. rev. as a separate genus.</p>
1 aMagnussen, Trude1 aJohnsen, Arild1 aKjærandsen, Jostein1 aStruck, Torsten, H.1 aSøli, Geir, E. E.  uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/syen.1252900551nas a2200133   4500008004100000245017500041210006900216300001400285490000700299100001900306700002100325700002200346856004900368       2013                        eng d00aMolecular phylogeny of fungus gnats (Diptera: Mycetophilidae) revisited: position of Manotinae, Metanepsiini, and other enigmatic taxa as inferred from multigene analysis0 aMolecular phylogeny of fungus gnats Diptera Mycetophilidae revis  a654–6600 v381 aŠevčík, Jan1 aKaspřák, David1 aTóthová, Andrea  uhttps://sciaroidea.myspecies.info/node/5092602895nas a2200157   4500008004100000022001400041245007900055210006900134260002900203300001200232490000700244520239300251100002902644700002302673856004102696       2013                        eng d  a1365-311300aPhylogeny of the tribe Sciophilini (Diptera: Mycetophilidae: Sciophilinae)0 aPhylogeny of the tribe Sciophilini Diptera Mycetophilidae Scioph  bBlackwell Publishing Ltd  a407-4270 v383 a<p>The monophyly and phylogenetic relationships within the species rich Sciophilini (Diptera: Mycetophilidae) were analysed, based on 96 adult morphological characters. The cladistic analysis included 80 Sciophilini exemplar species (representing all but 1 of the 36 genera placed previously in the Sciophilini) and 11 outgroup taxa of other mycetophilid tribes. The monophyly of Sciophilini was supported in the parsimony analysis by four synapomorphies. The tribe now contains 34 genera: Acnemia Winnertz, Acomoptera Vockeroth, Adicroneura Vockeroth, Afrocnemia Matile, Allocotocera Mik, Anaclileia Meunier, Aneura Marshall, Austrosciophila Tonnoir, Azana Walker, Baeopterogyna Vockeroth, Cluzobra Edwards, Drepanocercus Vockeroth, Duretophragma Borkent gen.n., Eudicrana Loew, Leptomorphus Curtis, Loicia Vockeroth, Megalopelma Enderlein, Monoclona Mik, Morganiella Tonnoir &amp; Edwards, Neoallocotocera Tonnoir, Neoaphelomera Miller, Neotrizygia Tonnoir &amp; Edwards, Neuratelia Rondani, Paramorganiella Tonnoir, Paratinia Mik, Paratrizygia Tonnoir, Parvicellula Marshall, Phthinia Winnertz, Polylepta Winnertz, Sciophila Meigen, Stenophragma Skuse, Tasmanina Tonnoir, Taxicnemis Tonnoir &amp; Edwards, and Trizygia Skuse. Four genera placed previously in Sciophilini (Coelophthinia Edwards, Impleta Plassmann, Speolepta Edwards and Syntemna Winnertz) are transferred to the Gnoristini. Neoneurotelia Shinji and Neoparatinia Shinji are considered nomina dubia. Diagnoses are given for all genera in the tribe. Duretophragmagen.n. is described for the following species (all of which are comb.n.): Duretophragma andina (Duret), Duretophragma argentina (Duret), Duretophragma glabanum (Johannsen), Duretophragma fusca (Edwards), Duretophragma humeralis (Edwards), Duretophragma intermedia (Edwards), Duretophragma longifurcata (Freeman) (type species), Duretophragma morigenea (Edwards), Duretophragma naumanni (Duret), Duretophragma nigricauda (Edwards), Duretophragma obscura (Duret), Duretophragma ochracea (Freeman), Duretophragma pleuralis (Edwards) and Duretophragma similis (Johannsen). Other new generic combinations include: Trizygia albidens (Oliveira &amp; Amorim) comb.n., Trizygia alvesi (Oliveira &amp; Amorim) comb.n., Trizygia balbi (Oliveira &amp; Amorim) comb.n., Trizygia camargoi (Oliveira &amp; Amorim) comb.n. and Afrocnemia stellamicans (Chandler) comb.n.</p>
1 aBorkent, Christopher, J.1 aWheeler, Terry, A.  uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1111/syen.1200202718nas a2200241   4500008004100000022001400041245011400055210006900169260002900238300001400267490000700281520192000288100002302208700002602231700001702257700002602274700002802300700001802328700002202346700002902368700002402397856005502421       2013                        eng d  a1365-311300aThe phylogenetic relationships among infraorders and superfamilies of Diptera based on morphological evidence0 aphylogenetic relationships among infraorders and superfamilies o  bBlackwell Publishing Ltd  a164–1790 v383 aMembers of the megadiverse insect order Diptera (flies) have successfully colonized all continents and nearly all habitats. There are more than 154 000 described fly species, representing 10–12% of animal species. Elucidating the phylogenetic relationships of such a large component of global biodiversity is challenging, but significant advances have been made in the last few decades. Since Hennig first discussed the monophyly of major groupings, Diptera has attracted much study, but most researchers have used non-numerical qualitative methods to assess morphological data. More recently, quantitative phylogenetic methods have been used on both morphological and molecular data. All previous quantitative morphological studies addressed narrower phylogenetic problems, often below the suborder or infraorder level. Here we present the first numerical analysis of phylogenetic relationships of the entire order using a comprehensive morphological character matrix. We scored 371 external and internal morphological characters from larvae, pupae and adults for 42 species, representing all infraorders selected from 42 families. Almost all characters were obtained from previous studies but required revision for this ordinal-level study, with homology assessed beyond their original formulation and across all infraorders. We found significant support for many major clades (including the Diptera, Culicomorpha, Bibionomorpha, Brachycera, Eremoneura, Cyclorrhapha, Schizophora, Calyptratae and Oestroidea) and we summarize the character evidence for these groups. We found low levels of support for relationships between the infraorders of lower Diptera, lower Brachycera and major lineages of lower Cyclorrhapha, and this is consistent with findings from molecular studies. These poorly supported areas of the tree may be due to periods of rapid radiation that left few synapomorphies in surviving lineages.1 aLambkin, Christine1 aSinclair, Bradley, J.1 aPape, Thomas1 aCourtney, Gregory, W.1 aSkevington, Jeffrey, H.1 aMeier, Rudolf1 aYeates, David, K.1 aBlagoderov, Vladimir, A.1 aWiegmann, Brian, M.  uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.2012.00652.x02221nas a2200145   4500008004100000245012500041210006900166300001200235490000700247520166400254100002501918700002601943700002401969856008201993       2008                        eng d00aPhylogenetics and temporal diversification of the earliest true flies (Insecta: Diptera) based on multiple nuclear genes0 aPhylogenetics and temporal diversification of the earliest true   a668-6870 v333 aRelationships among families of the lower Diptera (formerly suborder ‘Nematocera’) have been exceptionally difficult to resolve. Multiple hypotheses based on morphology have been proposed to identify the earliest lineages of flies and place the phylogenetic origin of the higher flies (Brachycera), but convincing support is limited. Here we resolve relationships among the major groups of lower Diptera using sequence data from four nuclear markers, including both ribosomal (28S rDNA) and protein-coding (CAD, TPI and PGD) genes. Our results support both novel and traditional arrangements.Most unexpectedly, the small, highly-specialized family Deuterophlebiidae appears to be sister to all remaining Diptera. Other results include the resolution of the traditional infra-orders Culicomorpha (including a novel superfamily Simulioidea ¼ Thaumaleidae þ Simuliidae), Tipulomorpha (Tipulidae sensu lato þ Trichoceridae) and Bibionomorpha sensu lato. We find support for a limited Psychodomorpha (Blephariceridae, Tanyderidae and Psychodidae)
and Ptychopteromorpha (Ptychopteridae), whereas the placement of several enigmatic families (Nymphomyiidae, Axymyiidae and Perissommatidae) remains ambiguous. According to genetic data, the infra-order Bibionomorpha is sister to the Brachycera. Much of the phylogenetic signal for major lineages was found in the 28S rDNA gene, whereas protein-coding genes performed variably at different levels. In
addition to elucidating relationships, we also estimate the age of major lower dipteran clades, based on molecular divergence time estimates using relaxed-clock Bayesian methods and fossil calibration points.1 aBertone, Matthew, A.1 aCourtney, Gregory, W.1 aWiegmann, Brian, M.  uhttp://www.online-keys.net/sciaroidea/add01/Bertone_et_al_Nematocera_2008.pdf01387nas a2200157   4500008004100000022001400041245009400055210006900149300001200218490000700230520083700237100001801074700002301092700001901115856009501134       2009                        eng d  a0307-697000aMolecular phylogeny of the fungus gnat family Mycetophilidae (Diptera, Mycetophiliformia)0 aMolecular phylogeny of the fungus gnat family Mycetophilidae Dip  a524-5320 v343 aA molecular phylogeny of the fungus gnat family Mycetophilidae based on the nuclear 18S, 28S, and the mitochondrial 16S rRNA genes is presented. The total alignment included 58 taxa and 1704 bp. The family was recovered as monophyletic in parsimony and Bayesian analyses. In the Bayesian analysis, Mycetophilinae and its two tribes, Mycetophilini and Exechiini, were monophyletic with good statistical support. The subfamily Mycomyinae was found consistently in a sister-group relationship to Mycetophilinae. Gnoristinae was rendered paraphyletic, subtending Mycomyinae and Mycetophilinae. Within Gnoristinae, the genera Coelosia Winnertz, Boletina Staeger, Gnoriste Meigen group with Docosia Winnertz, usually considered to be a member of Leiinae. No support was found for the monophyly of the subfamilies Sciophilinae and Leiinae.1 aRindal, Eirik1 aSøli, Geir, E. E.1 aBachmann, Lutz  uhttp://www.online-keys.net/sciaroidea/2000_/Rindal_et_al_2009_Mycetophilidae_phylogeny.pdf00566nas a2200193   4500008004100000245007200041210006900113300001000182490000700192653001200199653001800211653001400229653001600243653001400259653001400273653001600287100002000303856004900323       2000                        eng d00aPhylogeny of Prosciara Frey and related genera (Diptera: Sciaridae)0 aPhylogeny of Prosciara Frey and related genera Diptera Sciaridae  a47-720 v2510aDiptera10aDolichosciara10aphylogeny10aPhytosciara10aProsciara10aSciaridae10aSystematics1 aVilkamaa, Pekka  uhttps://sciaroidea.myspecies.info/node/2673600505nas a2200121   4500008004100000245011400041210006900155300001200224490000700236100002900243700002000272856009100292       2006                        eng d00aValeseguyidae, a new family of Diptera in the Scatopsoidea, with a new genus in Cretaceous amber from Myanmar0 aValeseguyidae a new family of Diptera in the Scatopsoidea with a  a508-5160 v311 aAmorim, Dalton, de Sousa1 aGrimaldi, David  uhttp://www.online-keys.net/sciaroidea/2000_/Amorim+&+Grimaldi+2006+-+Valeseguyidae.pdf00935nas a2200277   4500008004100000245010400041210006900145300001900214490000600233653001900239653007300258653006300331653001400394653001600408653001400424653000800438653000900446653001700455653001100472653001300483653001600496653001300512653001100525100002400536856009700560       1977                        eng d00aStudies of some fungus gnats (Diptera: Mycetophilidae) including nine additions to the British list0 aStudies of some fungus gnats Diptera Mycetophilidae including ni  a67-93, illust.0 v210a[Redescription10aAllodia (Brachycampta) angulata - (Lundstrom 1913) (Mycetophilidae):10aAnatella - Winnertz 1863 (Mycetophilidae): [Key to species10aAvailable10aDescription10aDiagnosis10akey10aname10aNomenclature10ap 82].10aSynonymy10aSystematics10aTaxonomy10aUnited1 aChandler, Peter, J.  uhttp://www.online-keys.net/sciaroidea/1971_80/Chandler_1977_Studies_of_some_fungus_gnats.pdf00750nas a2200145   4500008004100000245009800041210006900139300001000208490000600218653013600224653003400360653009600394100002400490856009000514       1980                        eng d00aThe European and eastern Nearctic fungus-gnats in the genus Ectrepesthoneura (Mycetophilidae)0 aEuropean and eastern Nearctic fungusgnats in the genus Ectrepest  a27-410 v510a* INSECTA-; ** DIPTERA-; *** NEMATOCERA-; **** MYCETOPHILIDAE-; Ectrepesthoneura; Enderlein 1910; DIAGNOSTIC-CHARACTERS; Male tibia10ap. 29; KEY-TO-SPECIES; Europe10ap. 31; **** MYCETOPHILIDAE-; Ectrepesthoneura bicolor; (Coquillett 1901); DESCRIPTION-; Mal1 aChandler, Peter, J.  uhttp://www.online-keys.net/sciaroidea/1971_80/Chandler_1980_Ectrepesthoneura_sp_n.pdf01824nas a2200133   4500008004100000245005600041210004600097300001200143490000700155520144100162100002001603700001801623856004901641       1999                        eng d00aThe genus Pnyxiopalpus gen.n. (Diptera : Sciaridae)0 agenus Pnyxiopalpus genn Diptera Sciaridae  a209-2410 v243 aPnyxiopalpus gen.n. (type-species P. raptor sp.n.), Oriental in distribution, includes the following species: P. acanthipes sp.n. (Malay Peninsula), P. aculeatus sp.n. (Borneo), P. adebratti sp.n. (Borneo), P. aphrodite sp.n. (Sumatra), P. dentaneus sp.n. (Sulawesi), P. fossor sp.n. (Borneo), P. fuscinellus sp.n. (Borneo), P. hamatus sp.n. (Borneo), P. latifalx sp.n. (Borneo), P. macrocellus sp.n. (Malay Peninsula), P. microdon sp.n. (Sumatra), P. nepenthophilus sp.n. (Malay Peninsula), P. noona sp.n. (Palawan), P. raptor sp.n. (Borneo), P. reticulatus sp.n. (Malay Peninsula) and P. simplex sp.n. (Borneo). Males and females are keyed and described. Pnyxiopalpus has a number of characters previously unknown in Sciaridae. In contrast to other Sciaridae, interspecific morphological variation is greater for the females compared to the males. Based on a parsimony analysis of sixty-four morphological characters, Pnyxiopalpus is monophyletic, and its sister group appears to be Spathobdella Frey + {[Peyerimhoffia Kieffer + (Faratsiho Paulian + Pnyxia Johannsen)] + [Hyperlasion Schmitz + (Hermapterosciara Mohrig & Mamaev + Parapnyxia Mohrig & Mamaev)]}. According to the most parsimonious solution, the monophyly of Hyperlasion, Lycoriella Frey and Plastosciara Berg in their current sense is questioned. Aptery and one-segmented maxillary palp, usually regarded as important in sciarid classification, show a lot of homoplasy.1 aVilkamaa, Pekka1 aHippa, Heikki  uhttps://sciaroidea.myspecies.info/node/23161