Molecular phylogeny of black fungus gnats (Diptera: Sciaroidea: Sciaridae) and the evolution of larval habitats

Publication Type:Journal Article
Year of Publication:2013
Authors:Shin, S., Jung, S., Menzel, F., Heller, K., Lee, H., Lee S.
Journal:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
Volume:66
Issue:834-846
Pagination:-
ISSN:1055-7903
Keywords:ancestral character states, black fungus gnats, Diptera, larval habitats, molecular phylogeny, Sciaridae, Systematics
Abstract:

The phylogeny of the family Sciaridae is reconstructed, based on maximum likelihood, maximum parsimony, and Bayesian analyses of 4,809 bp from two mitochondrial (COI and 16S) and two nuclear (18S and 28S) genes for 100 taxa including the outgroup taxa. According to the present phylogenetic analyses, Sciaridae comprise three subfamilies and two genus groups: Sciarinae, Chaetosciara group, Cratyninae, and Pseudolycoriella group + Megalosphyinae. Our molecular results are largely congruent with one of the former hypotheses based on morphological data with respect to the monophyly of genera and subfamilies (Sciarinae, Megalosphyinae, and part of postulated “new subfamily”); however, the subfamily Cratyninae is shown to be polyphyletic, and the genera Bradysia, Corynoptera, Leptosciarella, Lycoriella, and Phytosciara are also recognized as non–monophyletic groups. While the ancestral larval habitat state of the family Sciaridae, based on Bayesian inference, is dead plant material (plant litter + rotten wood), the common ancestors of Phytosciara and Bradysia are inferred to living plants habitat. Therefore, shifts in larval habitats from dead plant material to living plants may have occurred within the Sciaridae at least once. Based on the results, we discuss phylogenetic relationships within the family, and present an evolutionary scenario of development of larval habitats.

URL:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S105579031200440X?v=s5
DOI:10.1016/j.ympev.2012.11.008
Refereed Designation:Refereed
Taxonomy checked: 
No
TDWG distribution: 
No
Specimens imported: 
No
Tue, 2012-11-20 03:40 -- br
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Scratchpads developed and conceived by (alphabetical): Ed Baker, Katherine Bouton Alice Heaton Dimitris Koureas, Laurence Livermore, Dave Roberts, Simon Rycroft, Ben Scott, Vince Smith